How Data Can Be Stolen

Downloading unverified content. By downloading unverified apps, games, movies, or browser extensions, people can infect devices with viruses or spyware. "It is an easy way to lose your personal information, such as credit card numbers."
A leak from the entity that handles the data. "Breaches usually occur via the web and email, but can also happen through mobile data storage devices such as optical media, USB keys, and laptops."
Phishing emails or text messages. Phishing attempts most often begin with an email designed to obtain sensitive information. Such messages pretend to come from a legitimate source, such as banks, government bodies, or company leadership. These messages try to elicit fear, curiosity, or a sense of urgency to click on a malicious link or download an infected attachment.
Unprotected portable devices. USB sticks, smartphones, flash memory cards, or other easy-to-lose gadgets may become an easy data source for anyone who finds one.
Skimming devices. Thieves can steal financial data with skimming devices, which can also memorize PINs.

Why Data Is Bought

Advertising and targeting. Stolen data on individuals' habits, preferences, and personalities helps target ads more precisely.
Surveillance and spying. Hacked personal data can open the doors for stalking, tracking, monitoring, and harassment of the victim.
Identity theft and impersonation. Cybercriminals can commit financial crimes in another person's name. That may include anything from fake tax returns or illicit money transfers to insurance claims or loan applications.
Spam or phishing attacks. Stolen personal data can help criminals launch phishing attacks and disrupt systems or access confidential information.
Blackmail, extortion, and hacktivism. "It can be anything from ransomware attacks to cyberblackmail."

"Cybersecurity starts with vigilance," Markuson said. "Two-factor authentication, secure storage of your passwords, and use of unique, strong, and complex passwords can protect your data from falling into the wrong hands."

Instant Insights /

Inside Look: How Data Is Stolen & Used

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